ISSN: 2782-893X
eISSN: 2799-0664
ISSN: 2782- 893X
——This study examined the profile of farmers in the 58 barangays of Umingan, Pangasinan, during May to August 2025, assessed the challenges brought by Gawat across economic, social, political, and environmental dimensions, and determined the relationship between farmers’ profile variables and these challenges. The study found that many farmers were older, married, and predominantly male, with most having reached basic secondary education. The challenges brought by Gawat were widely experienced across the four dimensions, including income deficits, limited access to credit, delays in subsidies, weakened community support, ineffective programs, and soil degradation. Results showed that age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and main crop season income had no significant relationship with the challenges experienced by farmers. In contrast, area cultivated showed a significant relationship, indicating that challenge severity increases as farm size expands. Estimated marginal means further confirmed a positive relationship between cultivated land area and the magnitude of challenges. These findings suggest that Gawat is broadly experienced across farmer groups, but its severity becomes greater among those cultivating larger areas. Keywords: gawat, scarcity, lean moths, Pangasinan